Composition comparison

Which world packs the most mass into the same volume?

Earth is the densest world in this atlas: 5,513 kg/m³. Earth is about 8.02 times as dense as Saturn.

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune have no solid surface; their values use the one-bar reference level.

Density values run from highest to lowest; bars start at zero. Earth is the reference. Hatched bars use the 1-bar reference level; solid bars use a physical surface. Non-ranked references appear in a separate anchor band and do not affect world ranks or scale.

Values / method / sources

Values and sources

The chart, in inspectable form.

Every row keeps its reference level, resolution state, and source attached. Derived means Atlas calculated the value from published inputs with a registered formula.

Published comparison values. Density is shown in kg/m³; ratios use Earth as the reference. Shared ranks use the stored comparison tolerance. Non-ranked references follow the worlds on a separate scale and are not compared with the selected reference world.
Rank	World	Value	vs. Earth	Reference level	State	Evidence
Rank 1	EarthDefault baselineReference	5,513 kg/m³	1×	Physical surface	Derived	Source passportDerivedNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics for Earth Source passport: Earth Published value 5,513 kg/m³ Primary source NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics Definition bulk mean density within the physical surface Reference level Physical surface Epoch Not tied to a stated epoch Resolution state Derived Provenance details Uncertainty ±0.258 kg/m³ Alternatives No competing admissible value Value ID `earth:density:bulk_mean_density_at_surface:density_from_mass_radius:0` Dataset version 0.1 Atlas derivation Formula: Density from mass and mean radius `density_from_mass_radius` Mass: 5,972,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kgbody massNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics`earth:mass:body_mass:jpl_planetary_physical_parameters:0` Mean radius: 6,371,000 mvolumetric mean radius of the physical surfaceNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics`earth:mean_radius:volumetric_mean_surface_radius:jpl_planetary_physical_parameters:0` Sources Planetary Physical ParametersNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System DynamicsJPL Solar System Dynamics. Planetary Physical Parameters. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2026-08-30.Locator: Planet table, Earth row, Mass: 5.97217 ± 0.00028 ×10^24 kg; Planet table, Earth row, Mean Radius: 6371.0084 ± 0.0001 kmRetrieved 2026-08-30 · published Not statedTier A · us-government-work · reuse allowedNumerical facts are retained with NASA/JPL credit; linked third-party references keep their own terms. Report a value correction Reports are public and require a GitHub account.
Rank 2	Mercury	5,429 kg/m³	0.985×	Physical surface	Derived	Source passportDerivedNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics for Mercury Source passport: Mercury Published value 5,429 kg/m³ Primary source NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics Definition bulk mean density within the physical surface Reference level Physical surface Epoch Not tied to a stated epoch Resolution state Derived Provenance details Uncertainty ±0.752 kg/m³ Alternatives No competing admissible value Value ID `mercury:density:bulk_mean_density_at_surface:density_from_mass_radius:0` Dataset version 0.1 Atlas derivation Formula: Density from mass and mean radius `density_from_mass_radius` Mass: 330,100,000,000,000,000,000,000 kgbody massNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics`mercury:mass:body_mass:jpl_planetary_physical_parameters:0` Mean radius: 2,439,000 mvolumetric mean radius of the physical surfaceNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics`mercury:mean_radius:volumetric_mean_surface_radius:jpl_planetary_physical_parameters:0` Sources Planetary Physical ParametersNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System DynamicsJPL Solar System Dynamics. Planetary Physical Parameters. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2026-08-30.Locator: Planet table, Mercury row, Mass: 0.330103 ± 0.000021 ×10^24 kg; Planet table, Mercury row, Mean Radius: 2439.4 ± 0.1 kmRetrieved 2026-08-30 · published Not statedTier A · us-government-work · reuse allowedNumerical facts are retained with NASA/JPL credit; linked third-party references keep their own terms. Report a value correction Reports are public and require a GitHub account.
Rank 3	Venus	5,243 kg/m³	0.951×	Physical surface	Derived	Source passportDerivedNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics for Venus Source passport: Venus Published value 5,243 kg/m³ Primary source NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics Definition bulk mean density within the physical surface Reference level Physical surface Epoch Not tied to a stated epoch Resolution state Derived Provenance details Uncertainty ±2.61 kg/m³ Alternatives No competing admissible value Value ID `venus:density:bulk_mean_density_at_surface:density_from_mass_radius:0` Dataset version 0.1 Atlas derivation Formula: Density from mass and mean radius `density_from_mass_radius` Mass: 4,867,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kgbody massNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics`venus:mass:body_mass:jpl_planetary_physical_parameters:0` Mean radius: 6,052,000 mvolumetric mean radius of the physical surfaceNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics`venus:mean_radius:volumetric_mean_surface_radius:jpl_planetary_physical_parameters:0` Sources Planetary Physical ParametersNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System DynamicsJPL Solar System Dynamics. Planetary Physical Parameters. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2026-08-30.Locator: Planet table, Venus row, Mass: 4.86731 ± 0.00023 ×10^24 kg; Planet table, Venus row, Mean Radius: 6051.8 ± 1.0 kmRetrieved 2026-08-30 · published Not statedTier A · us-government-work · reuse allowedNumerical facts are retained with NASA/JPL credit; linked third-party references keep their own terms. Report a value correction Reports are public and require a GitHub account.
Rank 4	Mars	3,934 kg/m³	0.714×	Physical surface	Derived	Source passportDerivedNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics for Mars Source passport: Mars Published value 3,934 kg/m³ Primary source NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics Definition bulk mean density within the physical surface Reference level Physical surface Epoch Not tied to a stated epoch Resolution state Derived Provenance details Uncertainty ±0.72 kg/m³ Alternatives No competing admissible value Value ID `mars:density:bulk_mean_density_at_surface:density_from_mass_radius:0` Dataset version 0.1 Atlas derivation Formula: Density from mass and mean radius `density_from_mass_radius` Mass: 641,700,000,000,000,000,000,000 kgbody massNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics`mars:mass:body_mass:jpl_planetary_physical_parameters:0` Mean radius: 3,390,000 mvolumetric mean radius of the physical surfaceNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics`mars:mean_radius:volumetric_mean_surface_radius:jpl_planetary_physical_parameters:0` Sources Planetary Physical ParametersNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System DynamicsJPL Solar System Dynamics. Planetary Physical Parameters. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2026-08-30.Locator: Planet table, Mars row, Mass: 0.641691 ± 0.000030 ×10^24 kg; Planet table, Mars row, Mean Radius: 3389.50 ± 0.2 kmRetrieved 2026-08-30 · published Not statedTier A · us-government-work · reuse allowedNumerical facts are retained with NASA/JPL credit; linked third-party references keep their own terms. Report a value correction Reports are public and require a GitHub account.
Rank 5	Moon	3,344 kg/m³	0.607×	Physical surface	Derived	Source passportDerivedNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics + 1 source for Moon Source passport: Moon Published value 3,344 kg/m³ Primary source NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics + 1 source Definition bulk mean density within the physical surface Reference level Physical surface Epoch Not tied to a stated epoch Resolution state Derived Provenance details Uncertainty ±0.582 kg/m³ Alternatives No competing admissible value Value ID `moon:density:bulk_mean_density_at_surface:density_from_mass_radius:0` Dataset version 0.1 Atlas derivation Formula: Density from mass and mean radius `density_from_mass_radius` Mass: 73,460,000,000,000,000,000,000 kgbody massNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics + 1 source`moon:mass:body_mass:mass_from_gravitational_parameter:0` Mean radius: 1,737,000 mvolumetric mean radius of the physical surfaceNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics`moon:mean_radius:volumetric_mean_surface_radius:jpl_satellite_physical_parameters:0` Sources Planetary Satellite Physical ParametersNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System DynamicsJPL Solar System Dynamics. Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2026-08-30.Locator: Satellites of Earth table, Moon row, GM: 4902.800 ± 0.001 km^3/s^2 [DE440]; Satellites of Earth table, Moon row, Mean Radius: 1737.4 ± 0.1 km [IAU reference 1]Retrieved 2026-08-30 · published Not statedTier A · us-government-work · reuse allowedNumerical facts are retained with NASA/JPL credit; linked third-party references keep their own terms. CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 2018National Institute of Standards and TechnologyTiesinga, E., Mohr, P. J., Newell, D. B., & Taylor, B. N. (2021). CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 2018. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 50, 033105.Retrieved 2026-08-30 · published 2021-09-29Tier A · us-government-work · reuse allowedThe official NIST-hosted reference paper is credited; Table XXX supplies G and its standard uncertainty. Report a value correction Reports are public and require a GitHub account.
Rank 6	Europa	3,013 kg/m³	0.546×	Physical surface	Derived	Source passportDerivedNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics + 1 source for Europa Source passport: Europa Published value 3,013 kg/m³ Primary source NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics + 1 source Definition bulk mean density within the physical surface Reference level Physical surface Epoch Not tied to a stated epoch Resolution state Derived Provenance details Uncertainty ±1.74 kg/m³ Alternatives No competing admissible value Value ID `europa:density:bulk_mean_density_at_surface:density_from_mass_radius:0` Dataset version 0.1 Atlas derivation Formula: Density from mass and mean radius `density_from_mass_radius` Mass: 47,990,000,000,000,000,000,000 kgbody massNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics + 1 source`europa:mass:body_mass:mass_from_gravitational_parameter:0` Mean radius: 1,561,000 mvolumetric mean radius of the physical surfaceNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics`europa:mean_radius:volumetric_mean_surface_radius:jpl_satellite_physical_parameters:0` Sources Planetary Satellite Physical ParametersNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System DynamicsJPL Solar System Dynamics. Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2026-08-30.Locator: Satellites of Jupiter table, Europa row, GM: 3202.71210 ± 0.00181 km^3/s^2 [JUP365]; Satellites of Jupiter table, Europa row, Mean Radius: 1560.80 ± 0.30 km [IAU reference 1]Retrieved 2026-08-30 · published Not statedTier A · us-government-work · reuse allowedNumerical facts are retained with NASA/JPL credit; linked third-party references keep their own terms. CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 2018National Institute of Standards and TechnologyTiesinga, E., Mohr, P. J., Newell, D. B., & Taylor, B. N. (2021). CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 2018. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 50, 033105.Retrieved 2026-08-30 · published 2021-09-29Tier A · us-government-work · reuse allowedThe official NIST-hosted reference paper is credited; Table XXX supplies G and its standard uncertainty. Report a value correction Reports are public and require a GitHub account.
Rank 7	Titan	1,881 kg/m³	0.341×	Physical surface	Derived	Source passportDerivedNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics + 1 source for Titan Source passport: Titan Published value 1,881 kg/m³ Primary source NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics + 1 source Definition bulk mean density within the physical surface Reference level Physical surface Epoch Not tied to a stated epoch Resolution state Derived Provenance details Uncertainty ±0.0609 kg/m³ Alternatives No competing admissible value Value ID `titan:density:bulk_mean_density_at_surface:density_from_mass_radius:0` Dataset version 0.1 Atlas derivation Formula: Density from mass and mean radius `density_from_mass_radius` Mass: 134,500,000,000,000,000,000,000 kgbody massNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics + 1 source`titan:mass:body_mass:mass_from_gravitational_parameter:0` Mean radius: 2,575,000 mvolumetric mean radius of the physical surfaceNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics`titan:mean_radius:volumetric_mean_surface_radius:jpl_satellite_physical_parameters:0` Sources Planetary Satellite Physical ParametersNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System DynamicsJPL Solar System Dynamics. Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2026-08-30.Locator: Satellites of Saturn table, Titan row, GM: 8978.13710 ± 0.00025 km^3/s^2 [SAT441]; Satellites of Saturn table, Titan row, Mean Radius: 2574.76 ± 0.02 km [IAU reference 1]Retrieved 2026-08-30 · published Not statedTier A · us-government-work · reuse allowedNumerical facts are retained with NASA/JPL credit; linked third-party references keep their own terms. CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 2018National Institute of Standards and TechnologyTiesinga, E., Mohr, P. J., Newell, D. B., & Taylor, B. N. (2021). CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 2018. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 50, 033105.Retrieved 2026-08-30 · published 2021-09-29Tier A · us-government-work · reuse allowedThe official NIST-hosted reference paper is credited; Table XXX supplies G and its standard uncertainty. Report a value correction Reports are public and require a GitHub account.
Rank 8	Pluto	1,853 kg/m³	0.336×	Physical surface	Derived	Source passportDerivedNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics for Pluto Source passport: Pluto Published value 1,853 kg/m³ Primary source NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics Definition bulk mean density within the physical surface Reference level Physical surface Epoch Not tied to a stated epoch Resolution state Derived Provenance details Uncertainty ±7.53 kg/m³ Alternatives No competing admissible value Value ID `pluto:density:bulk_mean_density_at_surface:density_from_mass_radius:0` Dataset version 0.1 Atlas derivation Formula: Density from mass and mean radius `density_from_mass_radius` Mass: 13,020,000,000,000,000,000,000 kgbody massNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics`pluto:mass:body_mass:jpl_planetary_physical_parameters:0` Mean radius: 1,188,000 mvolumetric mean radius of the physical surfaceNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics`pluto:mean_radius:volumetric_mean_surface_radius:jpl_planetary_physical_parameters:0` Sources Planetary Physical ParametersNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System DynamicsJPL Solar System Dynamics. Planetary Physical Parameters. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2026-08-30.Locator: Planet table, Pluto row, Mass: 13024.6 ± 6.0 ×10^18 kg; Planet table, Pluto row, Mean Radius: 1188.3 ± 1.6 kmRetrieved 2026-08-30 · published Not statedTier A · us-government-work · reuse allowedNumerical facts are retained with NASA/JPL credit; linked third-party references keep their own terms. Report a value correction Reports are public and require a GitHub account.
Rank 9	Neptune	1,638 kg/m³	0.297×	1-bar reference level	Derived	Source passportDerivedNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics for Neptune Source passport: Neptune Published value 1,638 kg/m³ Primary source NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics Definition bulk mean density within the 1-bar reference level Reference level 1-bar reference level Epoch Not tied to a stated epoch Resolution state Derived Provenance details Uncertainty ±3.79 kg/m³ Alternatives No competing admissible value Value ID `neptune:density:bulk_mean_density_at_1_bar:density_from_mass_radius:0` Dataset version 0.1 Atlas derivation Formula: Density from mass and mean radius `density_from_mass_radius` Mass: 102,400,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kgbody massNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics`neptune:mass:body_mass:jpl_planetary_physical_parameters:0` Mean radius: 24,620,000 mvolumetric mean radius at the 1-bar levelNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics`neptune:mean_radius:volumetric_mean_radius_at_1_bar:jpl_planetary_physical_parameters:0` Sources Planetary Physical ParametersNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System DynamicsJPL Solar System Dynamics. Planetary Physical Parameters. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2026-08-30.Locator: Planet table, Neptune row, Mass: 102.4092 ± 0.0048 ×10^24 kg; Planet table, Neptune row, Mean Radius: 24622 ± 19 kmRetrieved 2026-08-30 · published Not statedTier A · us-government-work · reuse allowedNumerical facts are retained with NASA/JPL credit; linked third-party references keep their own terms. Report a value correction Reports are public and require a GitHub account.
Rank 10	Jupiter	1,326 kg/m³	0.241×	1-bar reference level	Derived	Source passportDerivedNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics for Jupiter Source passport: Jupiter Published value 1,326 kg/m³ Primary source NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics Definition bulk mean density within the 1-bar reference level Reference level 1-bar reference level Epoch Not tied to a stated epoch Resolution state Derived Provenance details Uncertainty ±0.341 kg/m³ Alternatives No competing admissible value Value ID `jupiter:density:bulk_mean_density_at_1_bar:density_from_mass_radius:0` Dataset version 0.1 Atlas derivation Formula: Density from mass and mean radius `density_from_mass_radius` Mass: 1,898,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kgbody massNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics`jupiter:mass:body_mass:jpl_planetary_physical_parameters:0` Mean radius: 69,910,000 mvolumetric mean radius at the 1-bar levelNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics`jupiter:mean_radius:volumetric_mean_radius_at_1_bar:jpl_planetary_physical_parameters:0` Sources Planetary Physical ParametersNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System DynamicsJPL Solar System Dynamics. Planetary Physical Parameters. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2026-08-30.Locator: Planet table, Jupiter row, Mass: 1898.125 ± 0.088 ×10^24 kg; Planet table, Jupiter row, Mean Radius: 69911 ± 6 kmRetrieved 2026-08-30 · published Not statedTier A · us-government-work · reuse allowedNumerical facts are retained with NASA/JPL credit; linked third-party references keep their own terms. Report a value correction Reports are public and require a GitHub account.
Rank 11	Uranus	1,270 kg/m³	0.23×	1-bar reference level	Derived	Source passportDerivedNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics for Uranus Source passport: Uranus Published value 1,270 kg/m³ Primary source NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics Definition bulk mean density within the 1-bar reference level Reference level 1-bar reference level Epoch Not tied to a stated epoch Resolution state Derived Provenance details Uncertainty ±1.05 kg/m³ Alternatives No competing admissible value Value ID `uranus:density:bulk_mean_density_at_1_bar:density_from_mass_radius:0` Dataset version 0.1 Atlas derivation Formula: Density from mass and mean radius `density_from_mass_radius` Mass: 86,810,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kgbody massNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics`uranus:mass:body_mass:jpl_planetary_physical_parameters:0` Mean radius: 25,360,000 mvolumetric mean radius at the 1-bar levelNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics`uranus:mean_radius:volumetric_mean_radius_at_1_bar:jpl_planetary_physical_parameters:0` Sources Planetary Physical ParametersNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System DynamicsJPL Solar System Dynamics. Planetary Physical Parameters. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2026-08-30.Locator: Planet table, Uranus row, Mass: 86.8099 ± 0.0040 ×10^24 kg; Planet table, Uranus row, Mean Radius: 25362 ± 7 kmRetrieved 2026-08-30 · published Not statedTier A · us-government-work · reuse allowedNumerical facts are retained with NASA/JPL credit; linked third-party references keep their own terms. Report a value correction Reports are public and require a GitHub account.
Rank 12	Saturn	687.1 kg/m³	0.125×	1-bar reference level	Derived	Source passportDerivedNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics for Saturn Source passport: Saturn Published value 687.1 kg/m³ Primary source NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics Definition bulk mean density within the 1-bar reference level Reference level 1-bar reference level Epoch Not tied to a stated epoch Resolution state Derived Provenance details Uncertainty ±0.215 kg/m³ Alternatives No competing admissible value Value ID `saturn:density:bulk_mean_density_at_1_bar:density_from_mass_radius:0` Dataset version 0.1 Atlas derivation Formula: Density from mass and mean radius `density_from_mass_radius` Mass: 568,300,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kgbody massNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics`saturn:mass:body_mass:jpl_planetary_physical_parameters:0` Mean radius: 58,230,000 mvolumetric mean radius at the 1-bar levelNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics`saturn:mean_radius:volumetric_mean_radius_at_1_bar:jpl_planetary_physical_parameters:0` Sources Planetary Physical ParametersNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System DynamicsJPL Solar System Dynamics. Planetary Physical Parameters. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2026-08-30.Locator: Planet table, Saturn row, Mass: 568.317 ± 0.026 ×10^24 kg; Planet table, Saturn row, Mean Radius: 58232 ± 6 kmRetrieved 2026-08-30 · published Not statedTier A · us-government-work · reuse allowedNumerical facts are retained with NASA/JPL credit; linked third-party references keep their own terms. Report a value correction Reports are public and require a GitHub account.
Not ranked	SunNon-ranked reference	1,410 kg/m³	Not compared with the selected reference world	Photosphere	Derived	Source passportDerivedInternational Astronomical Union + 1 source for Sun Source passport: Sun Published value 1,410 kg/m³ Primary source International Astronomical Union + 1 source Definition solar bulk mean density within the nominal photospheric radius Reference level Photosphere Epoch Not tied to a stated epoch Resolution state Derived Provenance details Uncertainty Not stated Alternatives No competing admissible value Value ID `sun:density:solar_bulk_mean_density_at_photosphere:density_from_mass_radius:0` Dataset version 0.1 Atlas derivation Formula: Density from mass and mean radius `density_from_mass_radius` Mass: 1,988,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kgbody massInternational Astronomical Union + 1 source`sun:mass:body_mass:mass_from_gravitational_parameter:0` Mean radius: 695,700,000 mnominal solar radius corresponding to the photosphereInternational Astronomical Union`sun:mean_radius:nominal_solar_photospheric_radius:iau_resolution_b3_2015:0` Sources Resolution B3 on Recommended Nominal Conversion Constants for Selected Solar and Planetary PropertiesInternational Astronomical UnionInternational Astronomical Union. (2015). Resolution B3 on recommended nominal conversion constants for selected solar and planetary properties.Locator: Resolution B3, solar conversion constants: nominal solar mass parameter 1.3271244 × 10^20 m^3 s^-2, exact by definition; Resolution B3, solar conversion constants and note 2: nominal solar radius 6.957 × 10^8 m, exact by definition and corresponding to the photospheric radiusRetrieved 2026-09-01 · published Not statedTier A · facts-with-citation · reuse allowedAtlas retains only the resolution's exact nominal conversion constants and credits the IAU; the resolution document and typography remain under their upstream terms. CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 2018National Institute of Standards and TechnologyTiesinga, E., Mohr, P. J., Newell, D. B., & Taylor, B. N. (2021). CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 2018. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 50, 033105.Retrieved 2026-08-30 · published 2021-09-29Tier A · us-government-work · reuse allowedThe official NIST-hosted reference paper is credited; Table XXX supplies G and its standard uncertainty. Report a value correction Reports are public and require a GitHub account.
Not ranked	WaterNon-ranked reference	1,000 kg/m³	Not compared with the selected reference world	Not applicable	Settled	Source passportSettledInternational Association for the Properties of Water and Steam for Water Source passport: Water Published value 1,000 kg/m³ Primary source International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam Definition maximum density of VSMOW water at standard atmospheric pressure Reference level Not applicable Epoch Not tied to a stated epoch Resolution state Settled Provenance details Uncertainty ±0.00084 kg/m³ Alternatives No competing admissible value Value ID `water:density:liquid_water_maximum_density:iapws_fundamental_constants_2020:0` Dataset version 0.1 Sources Guideline on the Use of Fundamental Physical Constants and Basic Constants of WaterInternational Association for the Properties of Water and SteamInternational Association for the Properties of Water and Steam. (2020). Guideline on the Use of Fundamental Physical Constants and Basic Constants of Water (G5-01(2020)).Locator: Section 4.3, Density Maximum: VSMOW water at standard atmospheric pressure, (999.974 95 ± 0.000 84) kg m^-3Retrieved 2026-09-02 · published Not statedTier A · facts-with-citation · reuse allowedAtlas retains one cited reference value and uncertainty with IAPWS credit; the guideline document and typography remain under their upstream terms. Report a value correction Reports are public and require a GitHub account.

Why the result changes

Why this order?

Bulk density divides a world's mass by the volume inside its mean radius. It describes the whole world, not the density of any one material within it.

The comparison uses each world's declared reference level.

Saturn is the least dense: 687.1 kg/m³.

Definition and evidence

What this comparison means.

Definitions

bulk mean density within the physical surface
bulk mean density within the 1-bar reference level
solar bulk mean density within the nominal photospheric radius
maximum density of VSMOW water at standard atmospheric pressure

Water and the Sun are reference anchors. They provide scale without entering the world ranking.

Resolution states

Settled: Admissible values agree.
Derived: Calculated from published inputs.
Contested: Admissible values disagree.
Not established: No admissible value fits the definition.

Identity marks—not to scale

Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
Moon
Titan
Europa
Pluto

Credit: Blue Marble, March 2014 — NASA/GSFC; Europa full disk, Galileo — NASA/JPL; Full Moon — NASA/GSFC; High-resolution Jupiter globe — NASA/JPL/University of Arizona; Mars global mosaic — NASA/USGS; Mercury globe — NASA/JHUAPL/Carnegie Institution of Washington; Neptune, Voyager 2 — NASA/JPL; Pluto color view — NASA/JHUAPL/SwRI; Saturn, Cassini — NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute; Titan natural-color composite, Cassini — NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute; Uranus, Voyager 2 — NASA/JPL-Caltech; Venus radar-data globe — NASA/JPL

Dataset 0.1 · source records retrieved 2026-08-30–2026-09-02 · canonical page /worlds/density/

Sources used by this comparison

Guideline on the Use of Fundamental Physical Constants and Basic Constants of WaterInternational Association for the Properties of Water and SteamTier A
Resolution B3 on Recommended Nominal Conversion Constants for Selected Solar and Planetary PropertiesInternational Astronomical UnionTier A
Planetary Physical ParametersNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System DynamicsTier A
Planetary Satellite Physical ParametersNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System DynamicsTier A
CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 2018National Institute of Standards and TechnologyTier A

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https://yalethom.as/worlds/density/

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Yale Thomas. Atlas of Worlds. “Which world packs the most mass into the same volume?” View: default. Dataset 0.1. https://yalethom.as/worlds/density/. Accessed [the date you viewed this page].

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Which world packs the most mass into the same volume?

Density comparison

The chart, in inspectable form.

Source passport: Earth

Provenance details

Atlas derivation

Sources

Source passport: Mercury

Provenance details

Atlas derivation

Sources

Source passport: Venus

Provenance details

Atlas derivation

Sources

Source passport: Mars

Provenance details

Atlas derivation

Sources

Source passport: Moon

Provenance details

Atlas derivation

Sources

Source passport: Europa

Provenance details

Atlas derivation

Sources

Source passport: Titan

Provenance details

Atlas derivation

Sources

Source passport: Pluto

Provenance details

Atlas derivation

Sources

Source passport: Neptune

Provenance details

Atlas derivation

Sources

Source passport: Jupiter

Provenance details

Atlas derivation

Sources

Source passport: Uranus

Provenance details

Atlas derivation

Sources

Source passport: Saturn

Provenance details

Atlas derivation

Sources

Source passport: Sun

Provenance details

Atlas derivation

Sources

Source passport: Water

Provenance details

Sources

Why this order?

What this comparison means.

Definitions

Resolution states

Identity marks—not to scale

Sources used by this comparison

Link, cite, download, or present this comparison.

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