Atlas of Worlds

Literal comparison

How big is each world, really?

Jupiter has the largest projected mean diameter at its one-bar reference level: 139,800 km. At the one-bar reference level, Jupiter is about 11 times the diameter of Earth at the physical surface.

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune have no solid surface; their published radii use the one-bar reference level.

Size at one true scale: literal mean diametersHow big is each world, really? 12 world discs are shown from largest to smallest at 190 kilometres per CSS pixel. A 375 CSS pixel window shows 5.12% of the Sun’s nominal photospheric diameter, 1,391,000 km.Jupiter1-bar reference levelSaturn1-bar reference levelUranus1-bar reference levelNeptune1-bar reference levelEarthPhysical surfaceVenusPhysical surfaceMarsPhysical surfaceTitanPhysical surfaceMercuryPhysical surfaceMoonPhysical surfaceEuropaPhysical surfacePlutoPhysical surfaceSun · same-scale cropFull diameter 1,391,000 km5.12% shown
World discs and the solar limb use one fixed scale: 190 km per CSS pixel. World labels name the physical-surface or 1-bar reference level behind each published radius; disc extents are projected diameters. The Sun is a cropped portion, not a smaller object.
Values / method / sources

Values and sources

The chart, in inspectable form.

Every row keeps its reference level, resolution state, and source attached. Derived means Atlas calculated the value from published inputs with a registered formula.

Published comparison values. Mean radius is shown in km; ratios use Earth as the reference. Shared ranks use the stored comparison tolerance. The non-ranked Sun follows the worlds at the ruler’s fixed physical scale and is not compared with the selected reference world.
RankWorldValuevs. EarthReference levelStateEvidence
Jupiter69,910 km11×1-bar reference levelSettled
Source passportSettledNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics

Source passport: Jupiter

Published value
69,910 km
Primary source
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics
Definition
volumetric mean radius at the 1-bar level
Reference level
1-bar reference level
Epoch
Not tied to a stated epoch
Resolution state
Settled

Provenance details

Uncertainty
±6 km
Alternatives
No competing admissible value
Value ID
jupiter:mean_radius:volumetric_mean_radius_at_1_bar:jpl_planetary_physical_parameters:0
Dataset version
0.1

Sources

  1. Planetary Physical ParametersNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System DynamicsJPL Solar System Dynamics. Planetary Physical Parameters. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2026-08-30.Locator: Planet table, Jupiter row, Mean Radius: 69911 ± 6 kmRetrieved 2026-08-30 · published Not statedTier A · us-government-work · reuse allowedNumerical facts are retained with NASA/JPL credit; linked third-party references keep their own terms.
Saturn58,230 km9.14×1-bar reference levelSettled
Source passportSettledNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics

Source passport: Saturn

Published value
58,230 km
Primary source
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics
Definition
volumetric mean radius at the 1-bar level
Reference level
1-bar reference level
Epoch
Not tied to a stated epoch
Resolution state
Settled

Provenance details

Uncertainty
±6 km
Alternatives
No competing admissible value
Value ID
saturn:mean_radius:volumetric_mean_radius_at_1_bar:jpl_planetary_physical_parameters:0
Dataset version
0.1

Sources

  1. Planetary Physical ParametersNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System DynamicsJPL Solar System Dynamics. Planetary Physical Parameters. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2026-08-30.Locator: Planet table, Saturn row, Mean Radius: 58232 ± 6 kmRetrieved 2026-08-30 · published Not statedTier A · us-government-work · reuse allowedNumerical facts are retained with NASA/JPL credit; linked third-party references keep their own terms.
Uranus25,360 km3.98×1-bar reference levelSettled
Source passportSettledNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics

Source passport: Uranus

Published value
25,360 km
Primary source
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics
Definition
volumetric mean radius at the 1-bar level
Reference level
1-bar reference level
Epoch
Not tied to a stated epoch
Resolution state
Settled

Provenance details

Uncertainty
±7 km
Alternatives
No competing admissible value
Value ID
uranus:mean_radius:volumetric_mean_radius_at_1_bar:jpl_planetary_physical_parameters:0
Dataset version
0.1

Sources

  1. Planetary Physical ParametersNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System DynamicsJPL Solar System Dynamics. Planetary Physical Parameters. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2026-08-30.Locator: Planet table, Uranus row, Mean Radius: 25362 ± 7 kmRetrieved 2026-08-30 · published Not statedTier A · us-government-work · reuse allowedNumerical facts are retained with NASA/JPL credit; linked third-party references keep their own terms.
Neptune24,620 km3.86×1-bar reference levelSettled
Source passportSettledNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics

Source passport: Neptune

Published value
24,620 km
Primary source
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics
Definition
volumetric mean radius at the 1-bar level
Reference level
1-bar reference level
Epoch
Not tied to a stated epoch
Resolution state
Settled

Provenance details

Uncertainty
±19 km
Alternatives
No competing admissible value
Value ID
neptune:mean_radius:volumetric_mean_radius_at_1_bar:jpl_planetary_physical_parameters:0
Dataset version
0.1

Sources

  1. Planetary Physical ParametersNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System DynamicsJPL Solar System Dynamics. Planetary Physical Parameters. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2026-08-30.Locator: Planet table, Neptune row, Mean Radius: 24622 ± 19 kmRetrieved 2026-08-30 · published Not statedTier A · us-government-work · reuse allowedNumerical facts are retained with NASA/JPL credit; linked third-party references keep their own terms.
EarthDefault baselineReference6,371 km1×Physical surfaceSettled
Source passportSettledNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics

Source passport: Earth

Published value
6,371 km
Primary source
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics
Definition
volumetric mean radius of the physical surface
Reference level
Physical surface
Epoch
Not tied to a stated epoch
Resolution state
Settled

Provenance details

Uncertainty
±0.0001 km
Alternatives
No competing admissible value
Value ID
earth:mean_radius:volumetric_mean_surface_radius:jpl_planetary_physical_parameters:0
Dataset version
0.1

Sources

  1. Planetary Physical ParametersNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System DynamicsJPL Solar System Dynamics. Planetary Physical Parameters. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2026-08-30.Locator: Planet table, Earth row, Mean Radius: 6371.0084 ± 0.0001 kmRetrieved 2026-08-30 · published Not statedTier A · us-government-work · reuse allowedNumerical facts are retained with NASA/JPL credit; linked third-party references keep their own terms.
Venus6,052 km0.95×Physical surfaceSettled
Source passportSettledNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics

Source passport: Venus

Published value
6,052 km
Primary source
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics
Definition
volumetric mean radius of the physical surface
Reference level
Physical surface
Epoch
Not tied to a stated epoch
Resolution state
Settled

Provenance details

Uncertainty
±1 km
Alternatives
No competing admissible value
Value ID
venus:mean_radius:volumetric_mean_surface_radius:jpl_planetary_physical_parameters:0
Dataset version
0.1

Sources

  1. Planetary Physical ParametersNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System DynamicsJPL Solar System Dynamics. Planetary Physical Parameters. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2026-08-30.Locator: Planet table, Venus row, Mean Radius: 6051.8 ± 1.0 kmRetrieved 2026-08-30 · published Not statedTier A · us-government-work · reuse allowedNumerical facts are retained with NASA/JPL credit; linked third-party references keep their own terms.
Mars3,390 km0.532×Physical surfaceSettled
Source passportSettledNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics

Source passport: Mars

Published value
3,390 km
Primary source
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics
Definition
volumetric mean radius of the physical surface
Reference level
Physical surface
Epoch
Not tied to a stated epoch
Resolution state
Settled

Provenance details

Uncertainty
±0.2 km
Alternatives
No competing admissible value
Value ID
mars:mean_radius:volumetric_mean_surface_radius:jpl_planetary_physical_parameters:0
Dataset version
0.1

Sources

  1. Planetary Physical ParametersNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System DynamicsJPL Solar System Dynamics. Planetary Physical Parameters. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2026-08-30.Locator: Planet table, Mars row, Mean Radius: 3389.50 ± 0.2 kmRetrieved 2026-08-30 · published Not statedTier A · us-government-work · reuse allowedNumerical facts are retained with NASA/JPL credit; linked third-party references keep their own terms.
Titan2,575 km0.404×Physical surfaceSettled
Source passportSettledNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics

Source passport: Titan

Published value
2,575 km
Primary source
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics
Definition
volumetric mean radius of the physical surface
Reference level
Physical surface
Epoch
Not tied to a stated epoch
Resolution state
Settled

Provenance details

Uncertainty
±0.02 km
Alternatives
  • 2,575 km · U.S. Geological Survey Publications Warehousetitan:mean_radius:volumetric_mean_surface_radius:usgs_zebker_titan_shape_2009:0
Value ID
titan:mean_radius:volumetric_mean_surface_radius:jpl_satellite_physical_parameters:0
Dataset version
0.1

Sources

  1. Planetary Satellite Physical ParametersNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System DynamicsJPL Solar System Dynamics. Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2026-08-30.Locator: Satellites of Saturn table, Titan row, Mean Radius: 2574.76 ± 0.02 km [IAU reference 1]Retrieved 2026-08-30 · published Not statedTier A · us-government-work · reuse allowedNumerical facts are retained with NASA/JPL credit; linked third-party references keep their own terms.
Mercury2,439 km0.383×Physical surfaceSettled
Source passportSettledNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics

Source passport: Mercury

Published value
2,439 km
Primary source
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics
Definition
volumetric mean radius of the physical surface
Reference level
Physical surface
Epoch
Not tied to a stated epoch
Resolution state
Settled

Provenance details

Uncertainty
±0.1 km
Alternatives
No competing admissible value
Value ID
mercury:mean_radius:volumetric_mean_surface_radius:jpl_planetary_physical_parameters:0
Dataset version
0.1

Sources

  1. Planetary Physical ParametersNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System DynamicsJPL Solar System Dynamics. Planetary Physical Parameters. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2026-08-30.Locator: Planet table, Mercury row, Mean Radius: 2439.4 ± 0.1 kmRetrieved 2026-08-30 · published Not statedTier A · us-government-work · reuse allowedNumerical facts are retained with NASA/JPL credit; linked third-party references keep their own terms.
Moon1,737 km0.273×Physical surfaceSettled
Source passportSettledNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics

Source passport: Moon

Published value
1,737 km
Primary source
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics
Definition
volumetric mean radius of the physical surface
Reference level
Physical surface
Epoch
Not tied to a stated epoch
Resolution state
Settled

Provenance details

Uncertainty
±0.1 km
Alternatives
No competing admissible value
Value ID
moon:mean_radius:volumetric_mean_surface_radius:jpl_satellite_physical_parameters:0
Dataset version
0.1

Sources

  1. Planetary Satellite Physical ParametersNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System DynamicsJPL Solar System Dynamics. Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2026-08-30.Locator: Satellites of Earth table, Moon row, Mean Radius: 1737.4 ± 0.1 km [IAU reference 1]Retrieved 2026-08-30 · published Not statedTier A · us-government-work · reuse allowedNumerical facts are retained with NASA/JPL credit; linked third-party references keep their own terms.
Europa1,561 km0.245×Physical surfaceSettled
Source passportSettledNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics

Source passport: Europa

Published value
1,561 km
Primary source
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics
Definition
volumetric mean radius of the physical surface
Reference level
Physical surface
Epoch
Not tied to a stated epoch
Resolution state
Settled

Provenance details

Uncertainty
±0.3 km
Alternatives
No competing admissible value
Value ID
europa:mean_radius:volumetric_mean_surface_radius:jpl_satellite_physical_parameters:0
Dataset version
0.1

Sources

  1. Planetary Satellite Physical ParametersNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System DynamicsJPL Solar System Dynamics. Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2026-08-30.Locator: Satellites of Jupiter table, Europa row, Mean Radius: 1560.80 ± 0.30 km [IAU reference 1]Retrieved 2026-08-30 · published Not statedTier A · us-government-work · reuse allowedNumerical facts are retained with NASA/JPL credit; linked third-party references keep their own terms.
Pluto1,188 km0.187×Physical surfaceSettled
Source passportSettledNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics

Source passport: Pluto

Published value
1,188 km
Primary source
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System Dynamics
Definition
volumetric mean radius of the physical surface
Reference level
Physical surface
Epoch
Not tied to a stated epoch
Resolution state
Settled

Provenance details

Uncertainty
±1.6 km
Alternatives
No competing admissible value
Value ID
pluto:mean_radius:volumetric_mean_surface_radius:jpl_planetary_physical_parameters:0
Dataset version
0.1

Sources

  1. Planetary Physical ParametersNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System DynamicsJPL Solar System Dynamics. Planetary Physical Parameters. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2026-08-30.Locator: Planet table, Pluto row, Mean Radius: 1188.3 ± 1.6 kmRetrieved 2026-08-30 · published Not statedTier A · us-government-work · reuse allowedNumerical facts are retained with NASA/JPL credit; linked third-party references keep their own terms.
SunNon-ranked reference695,700 kmPhotosphereSettled
Source passportSettledInternational Astronomical Union

Source passport: Sun

Published value
695,700 km
Primary source
International Astronomical Union
Definition
nominal solar radius corresponding to the photosphere
Reference level
Photosphere
Epoch
Not tied to a stated epoch
Resolution state
Settled

Provenance details

Uncertainty
Not stated
Alternatives
No competing admissible value
Value ID
sun:mean_radius:nominal_solar_photospheric_radius:iau_resolution_b3_2015:0
Dataset version
0.1

Sources

  1. Resolution B3 on Recommended Nominal Conversion Constants for Selected Solar and Planetary PropertiesInternational Astronomical UnionInternational Astronomical Union. (2015). Resolution B3 on recommended nominal conversion constants for selected solar and planetary properties.Locator: Resolution B3, solar conversion constants and note 2: nominal solar radius 6.957 × 10^8 m, exact by definition and corresponding to the photospheric radiusRetrieved 2026-09-01 · published Not statedTier A · facts-with-citation · reuse allowedAtlas retains only the resolution's exact nominal conversion constants and credits the IAU; the resolution document and typography remain under their upstream terms.

Why the result changes

Why this order?

Atlas doubles each resolved mean radius exactly, then lays out every world at one fixed physical scale. The long ruler is the comparison: a narrow screen changes the window, never the geometry.

Surfaced worlds use volumetric mean surface radius. Giant worlds have no solid surface, so their radii use the 1-bar atmospheric reference level.

Pluto is smallest by projected mean diameter at its physical surface: 2,377 km.

Definition and evidence

What this comparison means.

Definitions

  • volumetric mean radius of the physical surface
  • volumetric mean radius at the 1-bar level
  • nominal solar radius corresponding to the photosphere

The Sun is a non-ranked origin anchor shown as a bounded same-scale limb. The crop is a portion of its nominal photospheric diameter, not a smaller Sun.

Resolution states

Settled
Admissible values agree.
Derived
Calculated from published inputs.
Contested
Admissible values disagree.
Not established
No admissible value fits the definition.

Identity marks—not to scale

  • Mercury
  • Venus
  • Earth
  • Mars
  • Jupiter
  • Saturn
  • Uranus
  • Neptune
  • Moon
  • Titan
  • Europa
  • Pluto

Credit: Blue Marble, March 2014 — NASA/GSFC; Europa full disk, Galileo — NASA/JPL; Full Moon — NASA/GSFC; High-resolution Jupiter globe — NASA/JPL/University of Arizona; Mars global mosaic — NASA/USGS; Mercury globe — NASA/JHUAPL/Carnegie Institution of Washington; Neptune, Voyager 2 — NASA/JPL; Pluto color view — NASA/JHUAPL/SwRI; Saturn, Cassini — NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute; Titan natural-color composite, Cassini — NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute; Uranus, Voyager 2 — NASA/JPL-Caltech; Venus radar-data globe — NASA/JPL

Dataset 0.1 · source records retrieved 2026-08-30–2026-09-01 · canonical page /worlds/size/

Sources used by this comparison

  1. Resolution B3 on Recommended Nominal Conversion Constants for Selected Solar and Planetary PropertiesInternational Astronomical UnionTier A
  2. Planetary Physical ParametersNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System DynamicsTier A
  3. Planetary Satellite Physical ParametersNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar System DynamicsTier A

Keep and reuse

Link, cite, download, or present this comparison.

The link and citation track meaningful view settings. The CSV is one stable, reference-independent table with no reference-derived comparison column.

https://yalethom.as/worlds/size/

Cite this view

Yale Thomas. Atlas of Worlds. “How big is each world, really?” View: default. Dataset 0.1. https://yalethom.as/worlds/size/. Accessed [the date you viewed this page].

Without JavaScript, Atlas leaves a bracketed instruction so you can supply the date you viewed the page.

Download the table

Includes stable body, role, definition, value, provenance, version, attribution, and license fields in display order.

Download table (CSV)